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The God Who Became Human: A Biblical Theology Of Incarnation Broché – 17 mai 2013
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- Nombre de pages de l'édition imprimée240 pages
- LangueAnglais
- ÉditeurApollos
- Date de publication17 mai 2013
- Dimensions13 x 1.6 x 21.2 cm
- ISBN-101844748006
- ISBN-13978-1844748006
Détails sur le produit
- Éditeur : Apollos (17 mai 2013)
- Langue : Anglais
- Broché : 240 pages
- ISBN-10 : 1844748006
- ISBN-13 : 978-1844748006
- Poids de l'article : 274 g
- Dimensions : 13 x 1.6 x 21.2 cm
- Commentaires client :
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The author also spent the entirety of chapter 3 simply moving Psalms 45:6, Isa 9:6, Dan 7:13, and Psalms 110:1 from sure prophecies of Christ to only "quite plausible" or "not clear enough to be certain one way to the other.." I was reminded of a GK Chesterton quote after engaging this author's "humble" agnosticism on so many scriptural points: "Huxley preached a humility content to learn from Nature. But the new skeptic is so humble that he doubts if he can even learn."
Overall I thought the author's comments (what little there were relative to the size of the book) were Sunday school-level insights at best; observations you've repeatedly heard from various teachers or other books. In my opinion, save yourself some $ and get something else worth reading.

Cole's conclusion with regards to the Old Testament's preparation for God becoming flesh is somewhat polemical for some evangelicals. His analysis of key OT texts of Israel's hope (Psalm 45:6, Isaiah 9:6, Daniel 7:13, Psalm 110:1) is in opposition to Warfield and Ortlund's work. He concludes, "There are Old Testament text that prima facie when read together are consistent with that idea [clear expectation in the OT that a divine Messiah would come] but do not demand it (95)."
The key component of Cole's conclusion, I think, is the idea that there are no clear texts in the OT that say the Messiah would be divine. Cole demonstrates a flaw in his method when he says, "Our concern is different if we are reading the Old Testament with our New Testament shut at this stage. We are endeavoring to understand what ancient Israel hoped for before the revelatory light of Christ become available (89)." This is a huge assumption! One that he should have laid out before going through these OT texts. Not only this, but he fails to mention whether or not Warfield and Ortlund are working under those same constraints when they offer their readings of these texts. The question that Cole fails to address is whether it is a legitimate approach to read these OT texts with his NT shut. He assumes that it is, others might disagree.
For Cole, therefore, there are no clear OT texts that say the Messiah would be divine. Are there any clues for this development before the NT? One of the best elements of the book is Cole's engagement with God preparing the way for the incarnation through anthropomorphic, anthropopathic and anthropopraxic language. The author looks at God's integration with humans in Genesis 1-3. Important for his thesis are two things: 1. he reads Genesis 1-3 as temple text 2. he introduces the reader to the idea of divine concomitance (the alongsidedness of God or 'God with us').
Building on the categories of anthropomorphism, anthropopathism and anthropopraxism, Cole explores other OT texts that demonstrates Deus revelatus. These anthropomorphic theophanies are found along the unfolding biblical plot line (74) and serve as preparation for the incarnation of Christ.
In keeping with his thesis, Cole maintains a balance between Deus revelatus and Deus absconditus. The incarnation of the God-man Jesus Christ was truly and genuinely a mystery (cf. 1 Tim. 3:16). Cole quotes Hanson in his conclusion, "'...It was the taking of flesh as such, the act, the event in history, culminating of course in the death and resurrection, that was unique, supreme, new (115).'"
Cole's thesis comes together though when he includes Nicholas Wolterstorff's theory of "data-background beliefs" (113). Here are Cole's words:
"In my view, without the Old Testament accounts of theophany - especially the 'îš ones - and depictions of God in anthropomorphic (e.g. depicted with ears, eyes, arms, hands, fingers), anthropopathic (depicted as angry, afflicted, grieving) and anthropopraxic ways (depicted as standing, sitting, ruling, fighting, walking) there would not have been the possibility of data-background beliefs that were crucial for the intelligibility of an actual incarnation....Without these data-background beliefs who would have been able to combine the biblical ideas of God and humanity into the notion of God incarnate (113-114)?"
Here we see Cole bringing everything together. The OT does not have clear texts that demonstrate God's Messiah would be divine. However, the OT does prepare the way for the idea of the incarnation through anthropomorphic, anthropopathic, and anthropopraxic language about God. Therefore, the incarnation is genuinely something new and a mystery as Paul states in 1 Tim. 3:16.
As noted above, Cole ends the book by looking at the famous Anselm question Cur Deus homo? In contrast to Anselm, Cole's methodology is opposite in that he is interested in discovering how the Bible answers this question (121).
Another somewhat controversial element in the book is found towards the end. Cole, following Billings, questions the popular notion (ascribed to John Stott) of appealing to John 20:19-23 as justification of an "incarnation model of mission (152)." Attached to this is another popular slogan which Cole rejects, that is to "'live the Good News rather than preach the Good News' (153)." I have recently grown to appreciate these sentiments more and more. I wish, however, Cole would have furthered this conversation rather than simply repeating Billings on this point.
Overall I am very pleased with The God who became Human. I appreciate the overall carefulness with which Cole engages the various discussions surrounding the incarnation. Also, I love his concluding words on the effects the incarnation should have on us: "Above all, the incarnation of the Son of God ought to fill us with humble wonder (170)."


There were a few really good sections that deepened my understanding and appreciation of the topic. The Old Testament treatments were the weakest in my mind, conclusions were not well supported and missed some critical concepts toward understanding the concept in my mind. Also concluded that the idea of incarnation is foreign to the old testament (though not incompatible with it).
